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2011-10-24T03:15:00.003+07:00

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Layanan terjemahan bahasa online gratis dari Google

2009-05-24T07:58:00.002+07:00

SAN FRANSISCO-Google menawarkan teknologi anyar dalam menerjemahkan aneka bahasa dunia. Teknologi yang berbeda dari yang sudah mampu mengubah abjad Arab dan Inggris sekaligus.

Masalah bahasa kerap menjadi kendala dalam proses komunikasi. Di dunia maya sekalipun, perbedaan bahasa menjadi halangan. Mesin penerjemah memang sudah biasa, namun penggunanya masih terbatas. Di masa mendatang, terjemahan dapat dilakukan secara instan dengan mesin logika, bukan lagi seorang pakar linguistik. Itulah yang menjadi obsesi Google.
Pendekatan yang dilakukan Google ini disebut sebagai mesin penerjemah statistik. Metode ini berbeda dengan yang sudah dilakukan dengan mayoritas pakar penerjemah yang sekadar memindahkan kamus dan aturan gramatik ke komputer.
Teknologi yang ditawarkan Google kali ini adalah mereka langsung mampu menerjemahkan dokumen ke dalam dua bahasa. Program ini berjalan pada sejumlah komputer dan membentuk pola penerjemahan di masa mendatang.
“Saat kualitas yang didapat tidak memuaskan, mesin akan melakukan usaha perbaikan hasil,” ungkap Franz Och, lelaki asal Jerman yang mengepalai divisi mesin penerjemah Google seperti yang dikutip Reuters belum lama ini.

Sesuai Kebutuhan
Menurut Ouch, banyak orang yang sudah menggunakan mesin penerjemah merasa hasil terjemahan dalam bahasa Arab dan Inggris dari Google sebagai suatu terobosan anyar. Ouch sendiri mendemokan bagaimana situs berbahasa Arab dengan mudah langsung diterjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris.
Yang pertama dilakukan Ouch beserta timnya adalah memasukkan ratusan juta kata-kata dari teks paralel Arab dan Inggris ke dalam komputer. Mereka menggunakan dokumen PBB dan Uni Eropa.
Makin banyak data yang dimasukan ke dalam sistem, makin baik hasilnya. Kemudian program melakukan analisa statistik, sebuah pendekatan yang diharap dapat mencegah kesalahan penggunaan istilah.
Misalnya saja kasus di mana penerjemah Vladimir Putin memakai istilah “fuhrer” dalam memanggil kanselir Jerman Gerhard Schroerder. Kata “fuhrer” ini dianggap kurang pas pada konteks tersebut karena identik dengan Adolf Hitler. Jadi, program penerjemah baru ini bukan sekadar mengubah kata dari satu bahasa ke bahasa lain, melainkan juga menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan yang ada.

Keterbatasan
Sejauh ini, Google baru menawarkan mesin penerjemah untuk bahasa Arab, Cina, dan Rusia dari bahasa Inggris. Bagi yang berminat ingin menengoknya dapat mengunjungi http://www.google.com/language_tools. Peranti lunak yang terdiri dari tiga bagian ini memberi akses ke situs berbahasa Jerman dan bahasa lainnya.
Tapi Miles Osborne, profesor University of Edinburgh, memandang ada keterbatasan pada sistem ini. Hal bagusnya adalah Google mampu mengubah abjad Arab dan Inggris sekaligus.
Sayangnya peranti lunak ini tetap tidak mampu mengambil alih peran penerjemah manusia sepenuhnya. Sebuah peranti lunak tetap tidak dapat memahami sepenuhnya maksud suatu dokumen secara keseluruhan.

Merry Magdalena

Copyright © Sinar Harapan 2003

PERAWAT KOMUNITAS SEBAGAI PERAWAT EDUKATOR DIABETES

2008-07-03T20:57:00.000+07:00

Perawat memiliki peran kunci sebagai edukator dalam model pendidikan kesehatan dalam pengelolaan diabetes secara mandiri (PKPDM) bagi lansia diabetisi. Perawat edukator diabetes merupakan salah satu bidang spesialisasi keperawatan komunitas yang memiliki peran sebagai instruktur PKPDM. Silahkan baca tulisan selengkapnya di sini.

Perawatan Lanjutan di Rumah Pada Penderita Leukemia Anak

2008-07-03T20:46:00.000+07:00

Leukemia Limfositik Akut (LLA) merupakan keganasan pada sel limfoid yang ditemukan di sumsum tulang namun dapat bermigrasi ke semua organ secara sistemik termasuk pada Sistem Syaraf Pusat (SSP). Gejala dan tanda leukemia mencerminkan derajat supresi eritropoiesis, trombopoiesis, leukopoiesis di sumsum tulang oleh sel leukemia dan penyebarannya di luar sumsung tulang dapat memberikan manifestasi anemia, gangguan perdarahan, trombosis, antikoagulasi, dan kerentanan terhadap infeksi. Gejala yang perlu diwaspadai dan sering ditemukan pada leukemia antara lain pucat, demam yang tidak jelas sebabnya, nyeri tulang dan pembengkakan perut. Menurut penelitian tahun 1993 di Jakarta menunjukkan bahwa insidensi leukemia anak adalah 27,6% tiap satu juta anak berusia 1-14 tahun, sedangkan di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta telah tercatat sejumlah 35% kasus LLA dan 13% kasus LMA dari penderita kanker anak dalam periode tahun 2000-2004. Bagaimanakah perawatan penderita LLA pada anak di rumah? Silahkan baca tulisan berikut. Materi lengkap dapat didownload di sini.

Perawatan Restoratif Untuk Mencegah Gagal-Pulih Pada Lanjut Usia di Masyarakat

2008-07-03T20:31:00.001+07:00

Sindroma gagal-pulih adalah suatu kondisi tubuh sebagai akibat dari menurunnya kapasitas multisistem yang berisiko tinggi terhadap timbulnya berbagai penyakit, trauma atau kondisi kesehatan negatif lainnya namun kondisi tersebut dapat dicegah melalui intervensi tertentu. Contoh bentuk gagal-pulih, antara lain: perawatan diri yang tidak terpelihara karena kelemahan dan keletihan (fatigue) atau seseorang yang sering jatuh karena gaya berjalan yang tidak seimbang atau kelemahan. Bentuk intervensi keperawatan untuk meminimalisasi sindroma gagal-pulih adalah metode perawatan restoratif atau perawatan pemulihan (restorative care). Perawatan restoratif merupakan bentuk intervensi keperawatan yang berfokus pada upaya membantu lanjut usia dalam proses pemulihan dan atau pemeliharaan kapasitas fungsional fisiknya serta memberikan bantuan agar lanjut usia dapat mengkompensasikan kemunduran fungsional fisiknya sehingga mampu mencapai derajat fungsional yang optimal dan mampu melakukan AKS secara mandiri, misalnya : mandi, memakai baju, berjalan, dan kegiatan lainnya. Bagaimana tulisan selengkapnya, silahkan download di sini. Bila anda sementara hanya ingin membaca tulisan tersebut, silahkan klik di sini.

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2007-12-23T07:01:00.005+07:00

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2007-12-02T13:29:00.000+07:00

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Bergabunglah dengan milis KEPERAWATAN KOMUNITAS

2007-08-06T10:52:00.002+07:00

Kami mengundang Anda untuk bergabung dengan Mailing list Keperawatan komunitas, dengan cara:

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2. Subscribe e-mail anda melalui http://www.bondan-palestin.blogspot.com/

Best regards,

Terminology Standards for Nursing

2007-07-25T12:53:00.000+07:00

Abstract
Objective: The objective of the 1999 Nursing Vocabulary Summit Conference was to seek consensus on and a common approach to the development of nursing terminology standards for use in information systems.

Methods: A four-day invitational conference brought together authors and representatives of responsible organizations concerned with the nursing terminologies recognized or under consideration by the American Nurses Association, along with experts on language and standards and representatives of professional organizations, federal agencies, and the health informatics industry.

Results: Participants distinguished between colloquial terminologies and reference terminologies, and between information models and terminology models. They agreed that most recognized nursing terminologies were colloquial terminologies and that a reference terminology was needed. They formed task forces to develop and test aspects of a reference terminology model prior to a second meeting in June 2000, at which they would determine readiness to collaborate on a single international standard.

Discussion: The 1999 Nursing Vocabulary Summit Conference changed the level of discussion about nursing vocabulary standards from a debate about the relative merits of the various terminologies recognized in the United States to an examination of methods for developing and testing a reference terminology model and, eventually, a reference terminology that could serve as an international standard.

From the early days of medical informatics, nurses have recognized the need for standardized language. Werley, an advocate for the use of clinical data to study and improve care processes, wrote, “…before you can computerize nursing information systems, the variables must be identified”1 In 1974, Bartoszek decried the fragmentation of computer-based patient records by problems of language, design, and style.2 She urged nurses to contribute to the development of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (snomed).

Challenged by Werley to create a nursing minimum data set,3 because “medical” terminologies did not adequately represent nursing practice, a number of nurses developed classification systems and sets of terms to represent diagnoses, interventions, outcomes, and goals. By 1999, these sets were competing with one another for incorporation into health care information systems, but none had been accepted as a standard. In June 1999, Vanderbilt University convened the Nursing Vocabulary Summit Conference with the objective of reaching consensus on the required characteristics of a nursing terminology standard and on the means of developing such a standard. This paper gives an overview of the conference process and conclusions. It provides a context for the other papers in this section, which have been developed in the follow-up to the conference.

Background and Significance

Nurses provide hands-on and supervisory care to sustain life, enable recovery, alleviate suffering, manage symptoms, facilitate self-care, and promote health. These services, vital to the well-being of the public, are an important component of ambulatory care and are the reason-for-being of hospitals, home care agencies, and long-term care facilities. Yet institutional and public health databases contain hardly a trace of data about these services, other than the costs of salaries and benefits. In the absence of data about the nature and effectiveness of nursing services, quality of care is assessed by negative measures, such as frequency of adverse events, and by indirect measures, such as patient satisfaction. Both are important, but they are not adequate. Nursing is more than a matter of averting harm, and few patients have the training to appraise sophisticated interventions.

Without data about the problems and goals nurses address or the actions they take, nurses' contributions to individual and collective outcomes are easily overlooked. With little available evidence, positive or negative, of the impact of nursing, administrators can decrease resources allocated to nursing with no apparent ill effects—because no effects are measured.

The invisibility of nursing in health care databases results not from ill will toward nursing but from the lack of standardized data about nursing in patient records. The variety of services that nurses perform—including fundamental physical care, sophisticated therapeutics, exquisitely nuanced monitoring and adjustment of care, individual and family counseling and education, psychiatric care, and community development—has mitigated against easy definitions of nursing practice or nursing phenomena. As a result, documentation of nursing care in patient records has been idiosyncratic and unstandardized. Although nurses spend from 25 to 60 percent of their time putting information into the patient record,4,5 the names they give problems, goals, interventions, and outcomes vary among patients, nurses, times, and settings. Missing data, unreliable data, and incomparable data make it impossible to include nursing information in databases for quality improvement and health services research.

Yet the decisions of policy-makers, managers, and clinicians need to be guided by knowledge of the nature and effectiveness of nursing care. Such knowledge could be discovered from data abstracted from the patient record if the record contained valid, reliable, standardized data about problems, goals, interventions, and outcomes. Since the advent of electronic information systems in the 1970s, nurses have proposed a number of sets of standardized terms to represent these phenomena.6–12 The American Nurses Association (ANA) has recognized ten of these sets to date, and others are under consideration. Still other standardized terminologies for nursing are under development internationally.

For a while it was thought that one of these terminologies might emerge as a de facto standard or that together the recognized terminologies might become a unified standard.13 Neither of these events has come to pass. The nursing terminologies have been criticized for lacking a number of the desiderata for controlled medical vocabularies, such as concept orientation and concept permanence.

Moreover, these terminologies were developed for different purposes, with different levels of understanding of what is required of a language system if it is to represent concepts and relationships in intelligent computer-based patient records.14–16 With the exception of snomed-rt,17 the standardized languages recognized by the ANA have not been constructed from formal models that clarify and make explicit the semantic relationships among concepts. Thus, although standardized data about nursing practice could facilitate the creation of knowledge to improve care and enhance outcomes, efforts to create a standard had not, as of June 1999, succeeded.

Methods

The 1999 Nursing Vocabulary Summit conference was an effort to increase shared understanding of problems of standardized language for nursing and to seek convergence on a common goal for a standard that would transcend any single terminology.

Participants
The composition of the invitation list was critical. The conference was small—fewer than 40 participants—but all those who were invited had a vital role to play. Every competing U.S. terminology was represented by its primary author or by the head of the sponsoring organization. Experts on language and standards, many affiliated with key standards-developing organizations, brought their knowledge and experience to the discussions. Leaders of professional organizations made sure that the results would serve their members. Representatives of federal agencies (the National Library of Medicine and the Division of Nursing of the Health Resources and Services Administration) spoke about the role and the limitations of government in the development, maintenance, and use of standards. Members of health care agencies reminded others of the requirements and constraints affecting their acquisition and use of clinical information. Finally, representatives of health care information system vendors spoke about the needs of their industry and their clients.

The varied expertise and perspectives informed all discussions. Moreover, because participants were highly placed in the organizations they represented, they could speak with authority. When questions arose, for example, about the consistency of a proposed approach with ongoing work at snomed or Health Level 7, a member of the editorial board or the chair of the relevant committee was present and could respond immediately.

Process
Before the conference, the organizers sent participants a briefing book containing information about the various nursing vocabularies and about the development of terminology standards. Work at the conference began with vocabulary authors providing updates on their recent work. Then experts on standards development introduced principles to guide subsequent work. Participants grappled with typologies of terminologies and approaches to modeling. On the basis of those shared understandings, participants discussed positions they were willing to accept as assumptions. With consensus on those fundamental points, participants broke into small groups to focus on modeling nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and assessment data or findings. Finally, participants reconvened in plenary session to report on the work of the groups and to decide on subsequent actions.

Results

Participants distinguished between the colloquial or interface terminologies with which users enter and retrieve information and the reference terminologies that contain all the allowable terms to refer to concepts and the semantic relationships among the concepts. The recognized nursing terminologies, participants agreed, were for the most part colloquial terminologies. They considered the impracticality of continuing to map from each colloquial terminology to every other, as in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). As each colloquial terminology evolves, the work of mapping to every other (evolving) terminology will grow exponentially.

Variation in colloquial terminologies is necessary from site to site and from specialty to specialty so that clinicians can use familiar terms that say exactly what they mean. To get comparable data for aggregation and analysis, the terms of the colloquial terminologies must be linked to the underlying concepts contained in a reference terminology. The reference terminology can then serve as an interlingua to trace the identical concept from one colloquial terminology to another. Those responsible for each colloquial terminology need maintain the mapping only to the reference terminology.

Creating the reference terminology is not merely a matter of collecting all available terms, however. Rather, it is first necessary to construct and test the adequacy of a model that depicts the core concepts of each type (i.e., Problem, Intervention, Goal, Outcome), the defining attributes of those core concepts, and the semantic relationships among them. When the model is ready, the terms associated with each concept may be added.

The participants in the Nursing Vocabulary Summit Conference agreed that the development of useful standards for nursing terminology required diverse expertise and collaboration. They agreed to continue meeting and working together, as the Nursing Terminology Summit Group (NTSG), toward the development of a reference terminology model for nursing.

Participants organized task forces with defined responsibilities. The task force on nursing diagnosis developed a high-level conceptual definition of diagnosis that would apply equally well to nursing, medical, or other disciplinary diagnoses. They tentatively defined the definitional elements of a diagnosis and agreed to develop and test a terminology model of nursing diagnosis before the 2000 meeting.

In contrast, the task force on nursing interventions had more difficulty identifying the relevant definitional elements. Their review of existing intervention representations yielded a number of candidate elements for inclusion in information or terminology models. Members recognized the need for more clarity in differentiating types of models and in specifying criteria for inclusion of elements. The group therefore undertook to achieve this clarity and then to identify candidate concepts for inclusion in a reference terminology model of nursing interventions.

The third task force recognized that outcomes, like goals, were assessment data representing observations at different points in time. Opting to focus broadly on observations, this group too struggled to distinguish information models from terminology models and to determine which aspects of an observation were definitional and therefore appropriate for inclusion in a terminology model. A subgroup (Bakken, Cimino, Haskell, and Huff)* offered to investigate the adequacy of the Clinical LOINC (Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes) semantic structure as a terminology model for standardized assessment measures, including those contained in recognized nursing terminologies as outcomes. Ozbolt proposed to test the goal statements of the Patient Care Data Set against the LOINC semantic structure as a terminology model and against the components of goal messages as defined by the Reference Information Model of Health Level 7.

The work of the task forces continues, and progress reports on some of the efforts are included in the papers in this Focus section. In addition, conference participants have applied what they learned at the conference in their reflections on other issues in nursing terminology. The other papers in this Focus section report this complementary work on terminology.

The work of the summit has also extended internationally. On reading a report of the conference,18 the chair of the Nursing Informatics Interest Group of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) invited members of the NTSG to join international colleagues in a standards development effort. Collaborating via the Internet, these persons drafted and revised a proposal for a new work item to submit to Technical Committee 215 (TC 215) of the International Standards Organization (ISO). As amended and approved, this work item calls for the development and integration of a reference terminology model for nursing. The IMIA Nursing Informatics Interest Group, in collaboration with the International Council of Nurses, will prepare the draft standard for submission in 2001.

In addition, at the invitation of European colleagues, some members of the NTSG have collaborated via the Internet to develop a prestandard for a categorial system of nursing concepts to be proposed to the Health Informatics Technical Committee (TC251) of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Finally, the Nursing Terminology Summit Conference 2000, held June 8–11 at Vanderbilt University, brought together members of the NTSG with colleagues from Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Participants in the 2000 conference agreed to test emerging models, to support the IMIA effort for ISO, and to work toward a single international standard. Papers describing that work will be forthcoming.

Discussion

The Nursing Vocabulary Summit Conference 1999 was remarkable in its composition and its accomplishments. Although the restricted size of the conference meant that some leaders in the nursing vocabulary and health informatics standards efforts did not attend, those who did attend were in the forefront of these efforts. The small size of the conference promoted open discussion, and the evening social events helped participants relax and become better acquainted. Participants' expertise made discussions deep and thoughtful. Their professional seniority enabled them to make decisions and take actions.

As a result of the conference, participants came to recognize the utility and the limits of colloquial nursing terminologies and the need for a standard reference terminology. Even more, they experienced the necessity for and the rewards of collaboration to develop the standard. The tenor and the content of discussions about nursing terminology standards are now radically different. No longer do we ask “Which nursing vocabulary is the best candidate for the standard?” but rather “How can we work together to develop a reference terminology that will eventually serve all nurses everywhere?” and “How can nurses' views inform the development of more general health care terminology standards?” Ideas and understandings springing from the conference have grown into collaborations with more comprehensive standards groups such as LOINC (see Bakken19) and HL7 and into international work with IMIA, CEN, and ISO. After more than three decades of diverse efforts, collaboration at the summit shows promise of delivering terminology standards for nursing.

Judy Ozbolt, PHD, RN

Affiliation of the author: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.

Bagaimana mencari bahan referensi jurnal di internet?

2007-07-19T14:19:00.000+07:00

Sebagian besar respons pembaca di shout-box berkaitan dengan pencarian bahan jurnal, oleh karenanya tulisan ini berupaya untuk membantu pembaca mencari bahan referensi yang upto-date namun bisa didapat dengan gratis melalui internet. Kami sebetulnya juga sudah menyajikan hyperlink ke beberapa jurnal yang dapat menyediakan jurnal gratisan meskipun kita harus tekun dan agak kreatif dalam mencarinya melalui kata kunci (keywords) yang relevan. Daftar jurnal yang sering saya akses, saya listing di Situs Web Favoritku, yaitu :
- Berita Kesehatan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Entrez PubMed
- Google Books
- Google Scholar
- International Council of Nurses
- National Electronic Library of Infection (NeLI)
- Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia
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Leadership Dalam Keperawatan (Part.1)

2007-05-11T17:07:00.000+07:00

Oleh : Elly Nurachmah, Prof Dra DNSc (FIK UI)
Kamis, 13 Oct 2005 08:14:03

Perubahan, tantangan, dan peluang sedang dihadapi oleh sistem pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia. Pada era global seperti saat ini, perubahan dalam sistem dan tatanan pelayanan kesehatan telah mempercepat perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (iptek) kesehatan. Salah satu dampak dari perkembangan iptek kesehatan adalah menjadi tingginya biaya pelayanan dan pemeliharaaan kesehatan.

Tingginya biaya kesehatan ini berdampak negatif terhadap

Leadership Dalam Keperawatan (Part.2)

2007-05-11T17:02:00.000+07:00

Oleh : Elly Nurachmah, Prof Dra DNSc (FIK UI)
Selasa, 22 Nov 2005 12:33:38

Transformasi yang kokoh dan beberapa faktor mendasar telah teridentifikasi dalam proses evolusi yang terjadi pada sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Proses ini pula telah memberikan peluang kepada profesi keperawatan untuk bangkit dan berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam pelaksanaan sistem ini. Berikut ini dijelaskan tiga aspek yang merupakan landasan kontemporer kepemimpinan keperawatan yaitu sistem pelayanan kesehatan, struktur pemberian pelayanan keperawatan, dan fungsi kepemimpinan melalui ketrampilan orang lain.

Sistem pelayanan kesehatan

Asuhan Keperawatan Bermutu di Rumah Sakit

2007-05-11T16:46:00.000+07:00

Prof. Dra Elly Nurachmah DNSc

Pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit merupakan bentuk pelayanan yang diberikan kepada klien oleh suatu tim multi disiplin termasuk tim keperawatan. Tim keperawatan merupakan anggota tim kesehatan garda depan yang menghadapi masalah kesehatan klien selama 24 jam secara terus menerus.

Tim pelayanan keperawatan memberikan pelayanan kepada klien sesuai dengan keyakinan profesi dan standar yang ditetapkan. Hal ini ditujukan agar pelayanan keperawatan yang diberikan senantiasa merupakan pelayanan yang aman serta dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan harapan klien.

Pelayanan kesehatan pada masa kini sudah merupakan industri jasa kesehatan utama...

Pendidikan Kesehatan Dalam Pengelolaan Diabetes Secara Mandiri (Diabetes Self-Management Education) Bagi Diabetisi Dewasa

2007-01-15T17:51:00.000+07:00

DM disebut sebagai penyakit kronis sebab DM dapat menimbulkan perubahan yang permanen bagi kehidupan seseorang. Penyakit kronis tersebut memiliki implikasi yang luas bagi lansia maupun keluarganya, terutama munculnya keluhan yang menyertai, penurunan kemandirian lansia dalam melakukan aktivitas keseharian, dan menurunnya partisipasi sosial lansia. Perawat komunitas sejak awal dapat berperan dalam meminimalisasi perubahan potensial pada sistem tubuh pasien. Beberapa penelitian eksperimental memperlihatkan bahwa perawat mempunyai peran yang cukup berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pasien. Salah satu peran yang penting guna mendorong masyarakat terutama lansia adalah agar lansia dan keluarga mampu memahami kondisi lansia diabetisi sehingga dapat melakukan perawatan diri secara mandiri (self-care). Tulisan ini mencoba untuk membahas sebuah model pendidikan kesehatan dalam pengelolaan diabetes secara mandiri (Diabetes self-management education/DSME).

Kesehatan menurut pandangan Islam

2007-01-11T09:51:00.000+07:00

Islam memiliki perbedaan yang nyata dengan agama-agama lain di muka bumi ini. Islam sebagai agama yang sempurna tidak hanya mengatur hubungan manusia dengan Sang Khalik-nya dan alam syurga, namun Islam memiliki aturan dan tuntunan yang bersifat komprehensif, harmonis, jelas dan logis. Salah satu kelebihan Islam yang akan dibahas dalam tulisan ini adalah perihal perspektif Islam dalam mengajarkan kesehatan bagi individu maupun masyarakat.
Semoga bermanfaat...

Model Kemitraan Keperawatan Komunitas Dalam Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat

2007-01-10T20:59:00.000+07:00

Salah satu intervensi keperawatan komunitas di Indonesia yang belum banyak digali adalah kemampuan perawat spesialis komunitas dalam membangun jejaring kemitraan di masyarakat. Padahal, membina hubungan dan bekerja sama dengan elemen lain dalam masyarakat merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada keberhasilan program pengembangan kesehatan masyarakat (Kahan & Goodstadt, 2001). Pada bagian lain Ervin (2002) menegaskan bahwa perawat spesialis komunitas memiliki tugas yang sangat penting untuk membangun dan membina kemitraan dengan anggota masyarakat. Bahkan Ervin mengatakan bahwa kemitraan merupakan tujuan utama dalam konsep masyarakat sebagai sebuah sumber daya yang perlu dioptimalkan (community-as-resource), dimana perawat spesialis komunitas harus memiliki ketrampilan memahami dan bekerja bersama anggota masyarakat dalam menciptakan perubahan di masyarakat.
Silahkan untuk merenungkannya dan bergeraklah....

Be Professional and Responsible in Your Job Search

2006-11-11T12:08:00.000+07:00

Whenever you agree to take on a new job or position, be sure you understand all of the expectations, parameters, benefits, and consequences. Never assume anything. Ask questions and get things in writing. Read what has been written before you sign anything. Don't agree to any position until you are ready to accept it.

Don't Play Games or Burn Bridges

Explore your options and be open about it to potential employers. Tell them you are considering several options. The world of nursing is a small one. Don't burn bridges. Life happens. Sometimes you accept a new position and then your grandmother dies. You can work that out and adjust a start date. However, all too often, just after you accept a new position, another one may be offered to you. If it truly is a better deal and you just can't turn it down, be honest with the first offer. Maybe they'll match the new offer. Certainly they'll be sorry to lose you, but don't play games. Your reputation is important and word will get around.

Be Fair

In the world of private duty nursing, for example, this seems to happen a lot. How many times can one person's grandmother really die? CNAs are notorious for accepting one assignment from Agency 1 and then calling off because Agency 2 offered them a better assignment for the day. This is not fair, and eventually even the best CNA will find his/herself not being called again by Agency 1.

Travel Nurses Build in Fines

Travel nurses tend to accept an assignment and then continue to look and sometimes accept another offer for a better assignment and cancel the first. Most travel nurse agencies counsel nurses ahead of time and some even build in fines and consequences for not fulfilling obligations once you accept an assignment. Nurses who abuse the system often find themselves blacklisted from the travel agency.

Nursing Shortage Gives You Negotiating Power

With the shortage of nurses playing a huge role all over the world, negotiating powers are in your hands. With power comes responsibility. Be sure that you clearly state what you want, and understand what has been offered. They may not always be the same thing, even if they sound alike. Be responsible and professional.

Understand Your Status

One of the most important things to fully understand is your employment status. This is particularly important if you are taking on any sort of travel, registry or temporary assignment, and believe it or not, it is more important than salary.

* Will you be an employee or an independent contractor? Who is the employer?
* Who covers your liability insurance? (You should always have your own policy as well.)
* What happens if you make an error? What happens if there is ever any litigation?
* What happens if you get hurt on the job?

Ask Questions, Don't Assume

If you don't understand something, ask questions. Don't ever assume that you are the priority and will be taken care of in the event of an accident or injury. Read all small print, and ask questions. Be pro active. Take care of you and you'll have a much better experience.

From Kathy Quan